Investigating the Mechanism, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and heritable disorder characterised by inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The principal causes of ADHD are genetics, prenatal exposure to toxic substances, and brain damage. When left untreated, the symptoms can last until adulthood. The diagnosis of ADHD involves interviews, questionnaires/tests, and evaluations from parents or teachers to establish which of the three types of ADHD the patient has. ADHD is usually more common in males than females. The treatment of ADHD should consider the patient’s comorbidities, age, and medical history when prescribing medication, therapy, or devices. This paper reviews the modifiable and non-modifiable causes of ADHD, tests, interviews conducted to diagnose ADHD, and the multiple forms of treatment for children and adults.